The Cholas
- In 993 AD, the powerful Chola Empire from southern India invaded northern Sri Lanka and captured Anuradhapura.
- The Chola rulers selected Polonnaruwa as their administrative capital because of its strategic location and strong defenses.
- They renamed the city Jananathamangalam, making it the center of Chola administration on the island.
- New Hindu temples, military buildings, and administrative structures reflected the influence of South Indian culture.
- The Cholas strengthened roads, trade routes, and communication between Sri Lanka and southern India.
- Although they ruled as conquerors, they also contributed to the city's growth and development.
- Chola rule lasted for several decades and permanently changed the political importance of Polonnaruwa.
- Their occupation ended when King Vijayabahu I successfully reunited the island and restored Sinhalese rule.
- The Chola period became a turning point that transformed Polonnaruwa from a regional center into the future royal capital of Sri Lanka.